Seizures in Pets: What to Do During and After an Episode

Seizures in pets can be distressing to witness, but understanding what’s happening and how to respond can make a significant difference. Whether your pet has experienced a single seizure or has been diagnosed with a seizure disorder, being prepared is essential. At Town & Country Animal Hospital in Athens, Alabama, we provide expert care for pets with neurological conditions and help owners navigate this challenging experience.

What Is a Seizure?

A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled burst of electrical activity in the brain, leading to involuntary movements, muscle twitching, or loss of consciousness. Seizures vary in severity and duration, but they are always a medical event that requires attention.

Common types of seizures include:

  • Generalized (Grand Mal) Seizures: Affect the entire body, often causing convulsions, stiffening, and loss of consciousness.
  • Focal (Partial) Seizures: Affect only one part of the body, such as facial twitching or limb jerking.
  • Cluster Seizures: Multiple seizures occurring within 24 hours.
  • Status Epilepticus: A prolonged seizure lasting more than five minutes or multiple seizures without recovery between them—this is a life-threatening emergency.

Causes of Seizures in Pets

Seizures can have various underlying causes, ranging from medical conditions to external triggers. Some of the most common causes include:

  • Idiopathic Epilepsy – A hereditary condition in dogs and some cats, where seizures occur without an identifiable cause. Learn more about understanding canine epilepsy.
  • Toxicity – Ingestion of toxins such as chocolate, certain medications, or household chemicals.
  • Brain Disorders – Tumors, infections, or inflammation in the brain can trigger seizures.
  • Metabolic Imbalances – Conditions like low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) or liver disease.
  • Head Trauma – Past injuries can lead to seizure activity.
  • Heat Stroke – Overheating can cause seizures, especially in dogs.

What to Do During a Seizure

Seizures can be frightening, but staying calm and following these steps can help keep your pet safe:

  1. Do Not Restrain Your Pet – Avoid touching their mouth or head, as they may unintentionally bite.
  2. Move Hazards Away – Ensure your pet is in a safe area by moving furniture or objects that could cause injury.
  3. Time the Seizure – If the seizure lasts more than five minutes, seek emergency veterinary care immediately.
  4. Reduce External Stimuli – Dim the lights, lower noise levels, and speak in a calm voice to avoid further agitation.
  5. Monitor Breathing and Temperature – Pets can overheat during seizures. If the episode lasts long, cooling measures such as a damp cloth on their paws may help.

If your pet experiences status epilepticus (a seizure lasting longer than five minutes or repeated seizures without recovery), seek immediate veterinary care.

What to Do After a Seizure

Once the seizure ends, pets often enter a postictal phase, where they may be disoriented, restless, or temporarily blind. Help your pet recover by:

  • Providing a quiet, safe space for them to rest.
  • Offering water if they appear thirsty but avoiding force-feeding.
  • Monitoring behavior changes such as confusion or aggression.
  • Recording details of the episode, including duration, movements, and possible triggers.

Keep track of seizure episodes, as this information is valuable for diagnosing and managing your pet’s condition.

Diagnosing and Treating Seizures

If your pet has had a seizure, a veterinary exam is crucial. At Town & Country Animal Hospital, we may recommend:

  • Blood Tests – To check for metabolic disorders, toxins, or infections.
  • Neurological Examination – To evaluate brain function and rule out underlying diseases.
  • Imaging (MRI or CT Scan) – If brain abnormalities like tumors are suspected.

Treatment varies depending on the cause. Some pets require anti-seizure medications, while others need lifestyle adjustments or management of underlying conditions. For more on managing seizures, visit Cornell Vet’s guide to seizure management.

When to Seek Emergency Care

Not all seizures require immediate emergency intervention, but some situations are life-threatening. Seek urgent veterinary care if:

  • A seizure lasts longer than five minutes.
  • Your pet has multiple seizures in a short period.
  • Your pet remains disoriented or unresponsive for an extended time.
  • You suspect toxin ingestion or head trauma.

The American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) provides additional guidance on recognizing pet emergencies.

Preventing Seizures and Long-Term Care

While some seizures cannot be prevented, certain steps can help manage and reduce risks:

  • Medication Compliance – If prescribed anti-seizure medication, ensure your pet takes it consistently.
  • Minimizing Triggers – Reduce exposure to loud noises, flashing lights, or stressors that could provoke seizures.
  • Regular Veterinary Check-Ups – Routine exams help monitor neurological health and adjust treatment as needed.
  • Physical Rehabilitation – Pets recovering from seizures may benefit from therapies like hydrotherapy or acupuncture. Learn more about rehabilitation for neurological conditions.

How We Can Help

At Town & Country Animal Hospital, we are committed to helping pets with seizure disorders live comfortable, healthy lives. Whether your pet needs diagnostic testing, emergency care, or long-term seizure management, our team is here to provide expert, compassionate care.

If your pet has experienced a seizure or you have concerns about their neurological health, schedule an appointment with us today. Let’s work together to ensure your pet gets the best possible care.